Wind Turbine, Wind

Integration Into a Scheme

How the Component Works

From the component templates for wind turbines, Wind Turbine and Wind, individual components can be generated by specifying parameters within an energy project.

One Wind component can be connected to several Wind Turbine components.

Technical Input Data of the Wind Turbine

The Technical Input Data of the Wind Turbine to be entered include the Maximum Power, the Maximum Wind Speed (for switching-off), the Hub Height of the wind turbine, the Terrain at Turbine Site (conditions at the place of installation, see following figure), and the Operation Mode (Controlled or Not Controlled).

Controlled/Not Controlled Operation Mode

In the Controlled Operation Mode, the wind turbine can reduce the output actually produced in comparison to the maximum output that can be produced. This is advantageous, for example, if the electricity generated cannot be used in the energy system and feeding it into the grid would be costly due to negative electricity prices.

In the non-controllable operating mode, in contrast, the wind turbine always produces the maximum amount of electricity caused by the wind force and passes it on to the energy system. The energy system must be able to absorb the electricity at any time. At times when this is not guaranteed, the equation system of the model cannot be solved.

Characteristic Curves of Electrical Power vs. Wind Speed

In the table for the characteristic curve of electrical power vs. wind speed in absolute values, enter, among others, a value pair for the maximum wind speed (shutdown speed) and a value pair for the maximum power.

If you enter the characteristic curve in relative values, the input fields for the maximum power and the maximum wind speed appear at the top of the form under the heading Technical plant data.
The relative wind speed at hub height refers to the maximum wind speed, the following applies: maximum wind speed = 1.
The relative electrical power refers to the maximum power: maximum power = 1.

Wind Speed (Wind component)

In the Input Data of the Wind component the Wind Speed and the Height of Wind Speed Measurements are to be indicated.

Usually the wind speed is indicated for a height of 10 m above the ground, also in the weather data stored in TOP-Energy.

In a drop-down list the Height of Wind Speed Measurements is to be selected: 10 Meters or Different from 10 Meters (see following figure).

If the Height of Wind Speed Measurements is Different from 10 Meters, the Terrain at Turbine Site (conditions at the place of installation, roughness length) must also be selected from a drop-down list in addition to the measuring height (see following figure).

From this, the reference wind speed is determined using the formula below.

Wind Speed at the Height of the Hub of the Wind Turbine

The wind speed at hub height is calculated from the reference wind speed at 10 m height. The formula for height adjustment is as follows:

\( \begin{equation} \begin{aligned}v_{hub\ height} = v_{10\ m} \cdot \frac{log(\frac{h_{hub}}{z_0})}{log(\frac{h_{10\ m}}{z_0})}\end{aligned}\end{equation}\\\),

where \( z_0\) is the roughness length. The roughness length is selected in the drop-down list Terrain at Turbine Site in the Technical Input Data of the Wind Turbine component (see figure above).

Economic Input Data

The preset economic input data follow the values presented in the table based on the following sources:

Bundesverband WindEnergie e. V.: Wirtschaftlichkeit und Vergütung von Keinwindenergieanlagen, BWE Studie, Dezember 2010, Berlin,

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy: Land-Based Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition, Washington.